cmake
Nevermore 2024-08-01
# 1.Ubuntu源码安装cmake
cmake -S . -B build #-G "Ninja" 指定编译工具
cmake --build build
cmake --install build
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- 安装编译工具
sudo apt install g++ make ninja-build unzip libssl-dev
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- 准备cmake源码
wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.30.2/cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz
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tar -xvf cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz
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cd cmake
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./configure
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make -j32
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- 安装：sudo make install
- 添加环境变量
vim ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/usr/local/share/cmake-3.30:$PATH
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- cmake --version
# 2.CMakeLists.txt
- 编译静态库
# 指定cmake最低版本
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
#构建的项目名称和版本
project(test VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)
#若编译不指定.h，需要添加头文件路径
include_directories("include_Path")
#编译为静态库
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} STATIC a.cpp a.h)
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- 链接静态库
# 指定cmake最低版本
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
#构建的项目名称和版本
project(test VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)
#指定头文件路径
include_directories("include_Path")
#指定库查找路径
link_directories("lib_Path")
#增加执行程序
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
MANUAL_FINALIZATION
${PROJECT_SOURCES} test.cpp
)
#指定静态库路径, 放在后面，库名称去除前面的lib和后缀
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_SOURCES} libname)
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- 编译动态库——将静态库的STATIC改成SHARED
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED a.cpp a.h)
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- 动态库的编译和使用放到一个CmakeList下
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
project(test)
include_directories("include_Path")
add_library(test SHARED test.cpp) # 编译用
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_SOURCES} libname)
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- windows头文件需增加：
- 在windows导出和使用动态库的时候，需要在库类前加__declspec(dllexport)，这样才能导出到lib中
- 如果该类库被使用需要使用__declspec(dllimport)，可以使用宏对两种情况进行区分
#ifndef _WIN32 #define XCPP_API // mac 和 linux 定义为空 #else #ifdef test_EXPORTS // cmake 自动生成的宏 #define XCPP_API __declspec(dllexport) //给库调用 #else #define XCPP_API __declspec(dllimport) //项目库调用 #endif #endif1
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# 3.常用语法
- 注释
#[[
xxx
]]
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- 打印信息
message("Para1" "p2" p3 test) #结果无空格
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- message日志级别
message([
] "message txt") --log-level = <ERROR|WARNING|NOTICE|STATUS|VERBOSE|DEBUG|TRACE>
| 日志级别 | 日志级别 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ① FATAL_ERROR | 停止cmake运行和生成，可以用来解决之前的报错 stderr | ⑤ STATUS | 项目用户感兴趣信息 |
| ② SEND_ERROR | cmake继续运行，生成跳过 stderr | ⑥ VERBOSE | 项目用户详细信息 |
| ③ WARNING | stderr | ⑦ DEBUG | 项目本身开发人员使用信息 |
| ④（none）NOTICE | stderr | ⑧ TRACE | 非常低级实现细节的细粒度消息 |
- if()
- 真：ON，YES，TRUE，Y或非零数（包括浮点数），非假值常量
- 假：OFF，ON，FALSE，N，IGNORE，NOTFOUND，空字符串，或以-NOTFOUND为结尾，环境变量，未定义和其他变量
- 宏不是变量
- 字符串的值是ON，YES等为真，其他带引号的字符串都为假
if(<condition>) elseif(<condition>) else() endif()1
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- 逻辑操作符
if(Not <con>) if(<con1> ANd (con2)) if(<con1> OR (con2)) if(<con1> AND (<con2> OR <con3>))1
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- 一元判断
EXISTS COMMAND DEFINED set(VAR_NEW ON) if(DEFINED VAR_NEW)1
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- 二元判断
EQUAL,LESS,LESS_EQUAL,GREATER,GREATER_EQUAL STREQUAL,STRLESS,STRLESS_EQUAL,STRGREATER,STRGREATER_EQUAL VERSION_EQUAL,VERSION_LESS,VERSION_LESS_EQUAL,VERSION_GREATER,VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL MATCHES if(<var|str> MATCHES regex)1
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- 缓存变量cmake_cache
set(<variable> <value> ... CACHE <type> <docstring> [FORCE])
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type: BOOL | FILEPATH 文件选择 |PATH 目录选择 | STRING 字符串 | INTERNAL 内部变量
docstring： 变量说明
FORCE：强制修改缓存，不设置第二次调用值不变
//注释掉后仍可以打印出内容
使用ccmake build修改cache
cmake -S . -B build -D VAR1="hello" //编译时传递变量
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
project(cmake_cache)
# 设置缓存变量（全局的）
set(VAR1 "Cache var" CACHE STRING "cache doc")
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- set_property \ get_property
set_property(<GLOBAL | DIRECTORY [<dir>] | TARGET [<target1> ...] | SOURCE [<src1> ...] [DIRECTORY <dirs> ...] [TARGET_DIRECTORY <targets> ...] | INSTALL [<file1> ...] | TEST [<test1> ...] | CACHE [<entry1> ...] > [APPEND] [APPEND_STRING] PROPERTY <name> [<value1> ...]) get_property(<variable> <GLOBAL | DIRECTORY [<dir>] | TARGET <target> | SOURCE <source> [DIRECTORY <dir> | TARGET_DIRECTORY <target>] | INSTALL <file> | TEST <test> | CACHE <entry> | VARIABLE > PROPERTY <name> [SET | DEFINED | BRIEF_DOCS | FULL_DOCS]) define_property(<GLOBAL | DIRECTORY | TARGET | SOURCE | TEST | VARIABLE | CACHED_VARIABLE> PROPERTY <name> [INHERITED] [BRIEF_DOCS <brief-doc> [docs...] ] [FULL_DOCS <full-doc> [docs...] ] [INITIALIZE_FROM_VARIABLE <variable>])1
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31set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY test_global "hello") get_property(val GLOBAL PROPERTY test_global) define_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY test_define BRIEF_DOCS "define docs") get_property(val GLOBAL PROPERTY test_define DEFINED) get_property(val GLOBAL PROPERTY test_define BRIEF_DOCS) # 目录属性 set_property(DIRECTORY . PROPERTY dirName "my_dir") get_property(var DIRECTORY .[[file path]] PROPERTY dirName) #文件属性 set_property(SOURCE main.cpp PROPERTY S1 "s1 value") get_property(var SOURCE main.cpp PROPERTY S1) # cmake传递变量给c++ # cmake 预置属性 COMPILE_DEFINITIONS 传递预处理变量（宏变量） -DPARA1 1234 set_property(SOURCE main.cpp PROPERTY COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "PARA1=1234") add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp) # cmake 目标属性 set_property(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTY nvar "var") #c++ 传递宏 set_property(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTY COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "PARA=\"1234\"") # 属性打印 include(CMakePrintHelpers) cmake_print_properties(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME})1
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- 环境变量
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(cmake_env)
#环境变量使用 全局无缓存变量
#自定义环境变量
set(ENV{MYENV} "test env value")
message("MYENV = $ENV{MYENV}")
add_subdirectory(sub1)
message("SUB_ENV = $ENV{SUB_ENV}")
#系统环境变量
message("USER NAME = $ENV{USER}")
message("PATH = $ENV{PATH}")
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- cmake 计算Math
#[[
math(EXPR <variable> "<expression>" [OUTPUT_FORMAT <format>])
"5 * (10 + 13)". 支持 +, -, *, /, %, |, &, ^, ~, <<, >>
结果必须是64位有符号整数
输出格式
HEXADECIMAL
0x
0x3e8
DECIMAL
十进制数
]]
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(cmake_math)
set(exp "(3*10) + 5")
math(EXPR out ${exp})
message("${exp} = ${out}") # (3*10) + 5 = 35
math(EXPR out ${exp} OUTPUT_FORMAT DECIMAL) #十进制
message("${exp} = ${out}") #(3*10) + 5 = 35
math(EXPR out ${exp} OUTPUT_FORMAT HEXADECIMAL) #十六进制 0x
message("${exp} = ${out}") # (3*10) + 5 = 0x23
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- 字符串
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(cmake_string)
# 取出begin 和end之间的内容test cmake string
set(STR1 " begin test cmake string end ")
# 查找的开头字符串
set(BSTR "begin")
#在${STR1}中 查找${BSTR}的位置存入b
# cmake位置以0开始
string(FIND ${STR1} ${BSTR} b)
string(FIND ${STR1} "end" e)
#去掉begin字符位置
#获取字符串长度
string(LENGTH ${BSTR} size)
math(EXPR b "${b} + ${size}")
# e等于开始到结束的长度
math(EXPR length "${e} - ${b}")
#获取字串 在${STR1字符串${b}位置取${length}长度字符串写入substr
string(SUBSTRING ${STR1} ${b} ${length} substr)
#去掉头尾 空格 \t \n \r
string(STRIP ${substr} substr)
#转成大写 test cmake string
string(TOUPPER ${substr} substr)
#字符串追加 TEST CMAKE STRING
string(APPEND substr " append01 " " append02 ")
#字符串替换 STRINGappend01append02
# string(REPLACE <match-string> <replace-string> <out-var> <input>...)
string(REPLACE "append" "REPLACE" substr ${substr})
#TEST CMAKE STRINGREPLACE01REPLACE02
#正则表达式匹配
string(REGEX MATCH "[A-Z]+[0-9]+" output ${substr})
#[[
string JSON
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-var>]
{GET | TYPE | LENGTH | REMOVE}
<json-string> <member|index> [<member|index> ...])
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-var>]
MEMBER <json-string>
[<member|index> ...] <index>)
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-var>]
SET <json-string>
<member|index> [<member|index> ...] <value>)
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-var>]
EQUAL <json-string1> <json-string2>)
]]
#测试用json
# json对象 {} json 数组 []
# 格式 key:value
set( tjson
[=[
{
"webs":{
"web":[
{
"name":"cmake",
"url":"cmake.org.cn"
},{
"name":"ffmpeg",
"url":"ffmpeg.club"
}
,{
"name":"tt",
"url":"tt.club"
}
]
}
}
]=]
)
message(${tjson})
#[[
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-variable>]
GET <json-string> <member|index> [<member|index> ...])
]]
# 访问webs->web[0]->name
string(JSON var ERROR_VARIABLE evar
GET ${tjson} webs web 0 name
)
if(evar)
message(${evar})
endif()
string(JSON var ERROR_VARIABLE evar
GET ${tjson} webs web 1 url
)
string(JSON var ERROR_VARIABLE evar
GET ${tjson} webs web2 url
)
if(${var})
message("webs web2 = ${var}")
else()
message("NOTFOUND")
endif()
message("evar = ${evar}")
#读取json数组长度
#[[
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-variable>]
LENGTH <json-string> [<member|index> ...])
]]
string(JSON web_count ERROR_VARIABLE evar
LENGTH ${tjson} webs web
)
message("JSON LENGTH = ${web_count}")
#json的增加和修改
#[[
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-variable>]
SET <json-string> <member|index> [<member|index> ...] <value>)
value必须是json
]]
#json的增加
string(JSON set_out SET ${tjson} webs web ${web_count} [=[{
"name":"cpp",
"url":"cppds.com"
}]=])
message("set_out = ${set_out}")
#json的修改 SET
string(JSON set_out2 SET ${set_out} webs web 1 [=[{
"name":"ffmpeg2",
"url":"ffmpeg.club"
}]=])
message("set_out2 = ${set_out2}")
#json的删除 REMOVE
#[[
string(JSON <out-var> [ERROR_VARIABLE <error-variable>]
REMOVE <json-string> <member|index> [<member|index> ...])
]]
string(JSON remove_out REMOVE ${set_out2} webs web 0)
string(JSON remove_out REMOVE ${remove_out} webs web 1)
message("remove_out = ${remove_out}")
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- list
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(cmake_list)
#list变量初始化
set(src "a" "b" "c" "d;e;f")
message("src = ${src}")
#获取list变量长度
list(LENGTH src length)
message("src length = ${length}")
#list追加写入
list(APPEND src "g")
list(APPEND src "h" "i")
message("${length} src = ${src}")
# list访问 下标 0，1，2 。。。 结尾往前 -1 -2 -3
# src = a;b;c;d;e;f;g;h;i
list(GET src 1 var)
message("GET src 1 = ${var}")
list(GET src 5 var)
message("GET src 5 = ${var}")
list(GET src -1 var)
message("GET src -1 = ${var}")
list(GET src -2 var)
message("GET src -2 = ${var}")
# 拼接所有的节点
list(JOIN src "|" var)
message("JOIN ${var}")
list(JOIN src "" var)
message("JOIN ${var}")
# 取其中一部分数组
list(SUBLIST src 0 3 var)
message("SUBLIST ${var}")
# 查找内容
# src = a;b;c;d;e;f;g;h;i
list(FIND src "d" b) # 3
message("FIND ${b}")
list(LENGTH src length) # 9
math(EXPR e "${length}-${b}") # 9 -3 = 6
list(SUBLIST src ${b} ${e} var) # e 长度
message("SUBLIST ${b} ${e} ${var}")
#插入节点
# src = a;b;c;d;e;f;g;h;i
list(INSERT src 4 "d1")
list(INSERT src 2 "b1")
list(INSERT src 2 "b")
message("INSERT src ${src}")
# 删除和修改节点
# a;b;b;b1;c;d;d1;e;f;g;h;i
#通过节点值删除
list(REMOVE_ITEM src "b")
message("REMOVE src = ${src}")
# a;b1;c;d;d1;e;f;g;h;i
#删除指定位置 e
list(REMOVE_AT src 5)
#重新插入 相当于修改 E
list(INSERT src 5 "E")
message("REMOVE_AT INSERT src = ${src}")
#
#双向队列操作方式
#后端出队 b1;c;d;d1;E;f;g;h
list(POP_BACK src var)
message("POP_BACK ${var}")
message("src = ${src}")
#前端出队 先进先出 b1;c;d;d1;E;f;g;h
list(POP_FRONT src var)
message("POP_FRONT ${var}")
message("src = ${src}")
#去掉重复元素
set(rsrc "a;b;c;d;d;b;a;z;t;f")
message("rsrc = ${rsrc}")
list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES rsrc)
message("REMOVE_DUPLICATES rsrc = ${rsrc}")
# 数据排序
list(SORT rsrc)
message("SORT rsrc = ${rsrc}")
set(arr "3;23;122;157;1;5;7")
#默认字符串排序
list(SORT arr)
message("arr = ${arr}")
#自然数排序
list(SORT arr COMPARE NATURAL)
message("NATURAL arr = ${arr}")
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# 4.CMake跨平台c++编译特性设置
- cmake_target_include
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(cmake_target_include)
# WRITE 写文件 清空原数据，如果文件不存在则创建
file(WRITE a.cpp [=[
#include <iostream>
void A()
{
std::cout<<"In A "<<A_VAR<<std::endl;
}
]=]
)
# 静态库
add_library(A STATIC a.cpp)
#[[
target_include_directories(<target> [SYSTEM] [AFTER|BEFORE]
<INTERFACE|PUBLIC|PRIVATE> [items1...]
[<INTERFACE|PUBLIC|PRIVATE> [items2...] ...])
]]
# PUBLIC 改变 INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
# INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES 当前目标使用的属性
# INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES 依赖当前目标所使用得属性
# 相对路径会自动转为绝对路径
target_include_directories(A PUBLIC "/A_PUBLIC")
# PUBLIC 改变 INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
target_include_directories(A PRIVATE "/A_PRIVATE")
# INTERFACE 改变 INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
target_include_directories(A INTERFACE "/A_INTERFACE")
#设定A库的宏
target_compile_definitions(A PUBLIC A_VAR=123)
#打印属性
include(CMakePrintHelpers)
cmake_print_properties(TARGETS A PROPERTIES
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
)
# B->A
file(WRITE b.cpp [=[
#include <iostream>
void A();
void B(){
A();
std::cout<<"In B "<<A_VAR<<std::endl;
}
]=]
)
add_library(B STATIC b.cpp)
target_link_libraries(B PUBLIC A)
target_include_directories(B PUBLIC "/B_PUBLIC")
#设定B库的宏 STATIC 标志 B库编译时不需要，依赖B库的需要
target_compile_definitions(B INTERFACE STATIC=1)
# 不能打印继承的属性
cmake_print_properties(TARGETS B PROPERTIES
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
)
#cmake原生属性调试接口
set(CMAKE_DEBUG_TARGET_PROPERTIES
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
)
file(WRITE main.cpp [=[
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
void B();
B();
std::cout<<"In main "<<STATIC<<std::endl;
return 0;
}
]=]
)
# A public interface =>B =>main
# main->B->A
add_executable(main main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(main PUBLIC B)
#[[
target_link_libraries(<target>
<PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE> <item>...
[<PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE> <item>...]...)
]]
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- target_compile_features 编译特性如c++17
file(WRITE main.cpp [=[
int main()
{
return 0;
}
]=]
)
add_executable(main main.cpp)
# c++ 17
#target_compile_features(main PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
# vs2022 有效 ubuntu 20.04 gcc无效
#target_compile_features(main PRIVATE cxx_std_23)
# 支持的特征数组
message("CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES = ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES} ")
foreach(var IN LISTS CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES)
message(${var})
endforeach()
#判断当前编译器是否支持此特性
message("--------------------------------------------")
set(f1 cxx_std_23)
if(f1 IN_LIST CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES)
message("${f1} OK!")
target_compile_features(main PRIVATE ${f1})
else()
message("${f1} FAILED!")
endif()
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- 设置动态库输出路径
set_target_properties(dlib PROPERTIES
# windows lib文件文件的输出
ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUT_LIB_PATH}
ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${OUT_LIB_PATH}/debug
ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OUT_LIB_PATH}/release
# windos dll文件输出路径
RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUT_EXE_PATH}
RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${OUT_EXE_PATH}/debug
RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OUT_EXE_PATH}/release
#linux .so 和mac
LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUT_LIB_PATH}
LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${OUT_LIB_PATH}/debug
LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OUT_LIB_PATH}/release
#windows pdb调试文件
PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUT_LIB_PATH}/pdb
PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${OUT_LIB_PATH}/pdb
#debug 版本加后缀
DEBUG_POSTFIX "d"
)
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